In 2015 The Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded for the discovery that neutrinos oscillate and therefore have mass. This startling discovery dramatically changed our understanding of the fundamental building blocks of nature and launched a global research effort to fully understand the mysterious neutrinos and their role in the structure and evolution of the Universe.

What does this mean, what is left to know? A lot it turns out, as neutrinos are still poorly understood yet are connected to fundamental questions in physics, like the origin of the matter/antimatter asymmetry observed in the Universe today. In this talk we will briefly recap the early neutrino discovery and then explore some of the clever new (but fiendishly difficult) ways neutrinos are being studied or being used as cosmic probes.